Post by Brian CandlerPost by Alexander BokovoySo you can have IPA masters with FQDNs in totally different DNS domains
than dictated by their Kerberos realm and --domain options.
That I understand - not only can the IPA masters have FQDNs in
different DNS domains, but indeed the member machines of that realm as
well.
What was unclear to me was whether "ipa-server-install --domain xxx"
affects the content of the database being built (and therefore
replicated later to the slaves), or is just something local to the
host itself.
In the manpage for "ipa-client-install" it's much clearer: in that
case, it says that --domain is the starting domain for LDAP server
auto-discovery.
To clarify, there are several DNS auto-discovery mechanisms. Two of
them are described in the MIT docs at
https://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-1.6/krb5-1.6.3/doc/krb5-admin.html#Using-DNS
(1) Map hostname aaa.bbb.ccc to realm xxx.yyy.zzz
Look for TXT records for _kerberos.aaa.bbb.ccc, _kerberos.bbb.ccc,
_kerberos.ccc. The TXT record gives the realm that this host belongs to.
(2) Realm xxx.yyy.zzz to Kerberos servers for that realm
Given realm xxx.yyy.zzz, look for in the DNS for SRV records for
_kerberos._udp.xxx.yyy.zzz
_kerberos-master._udp.xxx.yyy.zzz
_kpasswd._udp.xxx.yyy.zzz
This is all very clear.
Now, the manpage for ipa-client-install describes another one, which
(3)
DNS Autodiscovery
Client installer by default tries to search for
_ldap._tcp.DOMAIN DNS SRV records for all domains that are parent to
its hostname. For example, if a client machine has a hostname
'client1.lab.example.com', the installer will try to retrieve
an IPA server hostname from _ldap._tcp.lab.example.com,
_ldap._tcp.example.com and _ldap._tcp.com DNS SRV records,
respectively. The discovered domain is then used to configure client
components (e.g. SSSD and Kerberos 5 configuration) on
the machine.
What it doesn't actually say (but I believe must be true) is that what
it calls the "discovered domain" is in fact the *realm* to use. If
so, effectively this is algorithm (2) in reverse: instead of using it
for realm to SRV mapping, you hunt for a domain which contains the
right SRV records and use this to infer your realm.
Is that right?
In case of IPA client you need to deal with both Kerberos realm and
application-level LDAP servers. The latter aren't related to Kerberos
realm themselves. However, authentication to them is based on GSSAPI and
thus Kerberos. So discovery of the LDAP servers is done via SRV records
according to https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ldapext-locate-08
and RFC2782 but Kerberos configuration is done based on the
corresponding DNS SRV records too (_ldap versus _kerberos for two
different purposes).
It became customary when Active Directory was introduced in 2000, that
when both _ldap.<protocol>.domain and _kerberos.<protocol>.domain DNS
SRV records exist, they are assumed to be explaining the services from
the same Kerberos realm. On MIT Kerberos side use of DNS TXT record
allows you to easily discover the actual name of the realm too. On
Active Directory side it is not the case but there realm name is equal
to the DNS domain name for the AD domains and additional DNS domains are
actually discovered through completely different means -- by using
netr_DsRGetForestTrustInformation function over LSA pipe.
Post by Brian Candler(Is this a mechanism modelled on Active Directory? Otherwise, I would
have thought you could use MIT algorithm (1) to discover your realm)
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ldapext-locate-08 was driven by
Microsoft and since early 2000s was implemented in many LDAP libraries.
Needless to say, OpenLDAP utilities supports DNS SRV records discovery too,
see -H option in ldapsearch manual page for example.
Post by Brian CandlerPost by Alexander BokovoyAfter all, these are *flexibility* options. They are not supposed to
make sense in all combinations. Where they aren't making sense, you are
allowed to shoot yourself in your feet if you know what you are doing.
Absolutely, and I don't want to get this wrong and have to start again :-)
OK, I have a final question on the planning of realms and DNS.
As we've already said, in an IPA-only installation, the machines which
are members of the realms can happily have hostnames which are
unrelated to the realm name: e.g.
IPA.EXAMPLE.COM
| | |
machines <name>.foo.com
machines <name>.bar.com
A user in IPA.EXAMPLE.COM can login to host <name>.foo.com, either
because their krb5.conf has a static domain->realm mapping, or there's
a DNS entry: _kerberos.foo.com TXT "IPA.EXAMPLE.COM"
However, suppose I plan to end up with a trust to an Active Directory
AD.EXAMPLE.COM <--trust--> IPA.EXAMPLE.COM
| | | | | |
users machines
I want to allow users in the AD.EXAMPLE.COM realm to login to machines
in the IPA.EXAMPLE.COM realm.
Will this still work when the machines are in different DNS domains?
Yes, it will. Here is the catch: you need to make sure these different
DNS domains all mentioned in 'ipa realmdomains-show' and if not, they
should be added by use of 'ipa realmdomains-mod'. None of these domains
must overlap with Active Directory domains, of course.
When trust is established, Active Directory DCs will retrieve and
validate list of name routing suffixes associated with IPA forest using
netr_DsRGetForestTrustInformation LSA RPC call. 'ipa realmdomains-*'
commands manage what exactly we return there.
We automatically manage realm domains list if IPA does control the DNS
server -- adding a DNS zone will cause an entry added to the 'ipa
realmdomains-*'. However, if DNS domains are managed externally, it is
your duty to manage realm domains too.
--
/ Alexander Bokovoy
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